1、五力競(jìng)爭(zhēng)模型Five competence force:

Threat of new entrants 新興商品(進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的障礙:economices of scale規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、product differentiation產(chǎn)品區(qū)別化、good brand name & customer loyalty品牌與客戶忠誠度、capital requirement資金要求、switching cost轉(zhuǎn)化成本、access to distribution channels分銷渠道、learning cureve advantage學(xué)習(xí)曲線優(yōu)勢(shì))

/substitute替代品的威脅力

/customers客戶

/suppliers供應(yīng)商的議價(jià)能力

/competitive rivalry同行業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力

2、組織文化的決定性因素(三個(gè)層級(jí))P160

第一層級(jí):Artifacts——可看得見的部分,包括工作行為、態(tài)度

第二層級(jí):Values&Beliefs——潛在隱藏部分,包括目標(biāo)、戰(zhàn)略

第三層級(jí):Assumptions——很難感受到,包括想法、感受

3、管理學(xué)代表人物及理論內(nèi)容:

Scientific/classical theory of management科學(xué)管理——Fayol,Taylor

The human relations school人際關(guān)系學(xué)說——Mayo

Functions of a manager 管理者的職能——Mintzber Drucker

4、管理五大職能:five functions of management—POCCC

●Planning(determine objectives、strategies、policies、programmes & procedures for achieving the objective、the org & sub-units確定發(fā)展目標(biāo)、策略、流程等)

●Organizing(establish structure of task、delegate authority to carry out tasks、providing systems of inf. & communication for co-ordination of activities建立組織結(jié)構(gòu)、下放權(quán)力)

●Commanding(giving instructions下達(dá)命令)

●Coordinating(harmonizing the goals and activities of individuals and groups within the organization個(gè)人目標(biāo)與組織目標(biāo)相統(tǒng)一)

●Controlling(measuring & correcting評(píng)估和糾正)

后人/現(xiàn)代管理學(xué)增加兩點(diǎn):Motivating(激勵(lì))、Communicating(溝通)

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